Patients with renal stones may experience flank pain, hematuria, or both. The level of the stone and the patient's underlying anatomy will determine the severity of the condition. For example, if the patient has only one working kidney or a significant preexisting kidney disease, obstruction may cause decreased or absent urine production. Although there are many conditions that can cause renal stones to improve, at least 75% of them contain calcium. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of calcium…
It is obvious that the urinary system includes the bladder, kidneys, bladder, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys are two organs with a bean-shaped shape, located in the middle of the back under the ribs. The kidneys convert excess water and wastes from blood into urine. They also maintain a steady balance of salts, and other substances in blood. The kidneys produce hormones that build strong bones and red blood cells. The urinary system is made up of the bladder,…