Patients with renal stones may experience flank pain, hematuria, or both. The level of the stone and the patient's underlying anatomy will determine the severity of the condition. For example, if the patient has only one working kidney or a significant preexisting kidney disease, obstruction may cause decreased or absent urine production. Although there are many conditions that can cause renal stones to improve, at least 75% of them contain calcium. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of calcium…