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什么是足底筋膜炎?

因脚跟疼痛而去看家庭医生的病人是第四个最常见的原因。足底筋膜炎是导致脚跟疼痛的最常见原因。尽管还有其他导致脚跟不适的原因,如类风湿和痛风,但足底筋膜炎是最常见的。足底筋膜是一条长而平的韧带,沿着每只脚运行,提供支持。它的形状像梯形,在与脚跟骨的连接处变窄,然后随着韧带向前运行到脚趾根部的插入处而变宽。患者经常抱怨疼痛,并随着时间的推移逐渐加重。足底筋膜支撑着脚,任何脚部压力的增加都会使足底筋膜劳损。

过度内旋

过度外翻是指足部内翻或下翻,是增加足底筋膜负担的一个常见原因。过度外翻常常被误认为是扁平足,但它们是完全不同的。足弓高度与机械完整性关系不大。然而,当我们行走时,足弓如何运作(步态),将决定对足底筋膜的压力有多大。过度外翻的脚是指当脚接触地面时,向内翻得太多。一个沙发土豆可能每天走1000-3000步,而一个活跃的人可能每天走10,000-33,000步。想象一下,每走一步,足底筋膜都会被拉伸和拉伤。

这种过度拉伸每天可能发生3万次。由于重复、累积的拉伸,足底筋膜变得疼痛和变厚。阻止步态中筋膜的重复性过度拉伸是治疗足底筋膜炎的关键。足部专家可以制作一个矫形器,这是一种由模具制成的特殊装置,旨在支持脚部,同时减少对足底筋膜的压力。打可的松针是另一种选择,但它们是暂时的,如果误用会引起副作用。

救济

暂时的缓解也可以通过物理或按摩疗法的处方来实现。处方矫形器与处方眼镜类似,其疗效取决于处方的准确性。为了捕捉脚的形状,必须把它放在一个泡沫箱中。足部专家将把脚放在正确的位置,以减少对足底筋膜的压力。然后根据矫正后的脚型的模具或 "捕获 "来制作矫形器。

然后,实验室必须将石膏倒入模具,以创建一个脚的模型。如何判断一个实验室是否在生产高质量的产品?美国专业足部矫形器实验室(PFOLA)是一个帮助实验室进行自我监督的组织。许多病人认为,他们将得到一个处方矫形器。这是治疗的开始。随着病人适应步态的变化,足底筋膜炎会慢慢消退。

常见的足部损伤

你的脚是一个令人难以置信的复杂和力量的组合。它们提供支持、流动性和平衡。它们具有弹性,可以承受高压和吸收冲击。我们的脚经常被认为是理所当然的。我们很容易忘记我们是多么幸运,能够站立、跑步、跳跃和做各种运动。如果你的脚出现问题,会对你身体的其他部分产生严重的负面影响。只有当我们的脚永久性地残疾或受伤时,我们才意识到这双脚是多么重要和神奇。26块骨头组成了你的脚。这比你身体中所有骨头的25%还要多。每只脚有33个关节,以及100多条韧带和肌腱。你的脚也有一个由血液皮肤、神经和软组织组成的复杂网络。

有时,不需要很长时间就能伤到你的脚。脚部受伤和病症的范围包括从嵌顿的脚趾甲和水泡到足底筋膜炎和骨刺到骨折。

注意事项

  • 香港脚。由真菌传播到潮湿的公共场所而引起的传染性脚病。常见症状包括脚和脚趾的刺痛、瘙痒和灼热。
  • 水泡。水泡是常见的足部疾病。它们是由长期站立或行走造成的脚部积水,以及不合脚的鞋子造成的。
  • 拇囊炎。拇指外翻是一种痛苦的、发炎的凸起,在你的大脚趾一侧形成,导致你的大脚趾向其他脚趾内侧弯曲。
  • 鸡眼。在你的脚底和脚趾上有增厚的圆形斑块。
  • 足底筋膜炎。足底筋膜炎是脚底肌腱的疼痛性撕裂或拉伤。它从脚跟延伸到大约脚掌的位置。
  • 脚跟骨刺。脚弓和脚跟之间的钙质沉积会导致脚跟前部的骨骼突起、炎症或疼痛。
  • 爪形脚趾。大脚趾应在第一个关节处指向上方,然后在第二个关节处指向下方。槌状趾或锤状趾。脚趾向下弯曲,而不是向外弯曲。
  • 痛风。痛风是一种痛苦的过量尿酸积累,通常在大脚趾的关节周围。
  • 真菌性指甲感染。由于真菌进入指甲,会引起黄色、片状和条状的趾甲。
  • 足底疣。人类乳头瘤病毒可以引起脚底的疣。这种病毒很容易通过潮湿的环境传播,如更衣室和游泳池。
  • 石头挫伤(Metatarsalgia)。脚球处的剧痛、刺痛或麻木。
  • 扁平足。扁平足是一种遗传性疾病,导致脚的自然拱度低或没有。
  • 莫顿氏神经瘤。由于穿高跟鞋、紧身鞋、不正常的步态、重复运动或穿高跟鞋,导致脚球和脚底的神经周围组织增厚。
  • 芝麻炎。芝麻骨炎是位于大脚附近的芝麻骨的疼痛性炎症。
  • 糖尿病神经病变。刺痛和针刺的感觉是由于血糖水平未得到控制而造成的神经损伤。
  • 嵌甲。嵌甲是指指甲的边缘长到脚的皮肤里。

脚的复杂性令人难以置信。它坚固耐用,可以承受高压和压力。然而,他们很容易受到各种脚部健康问题的影响。

Why measure uric acid levels in the blood when you have gout?

The aim is to check for excessively high levels of uric acid in the blood, known as hyperuricaemia. Excess uric acid in the blood can (not always) lead to the formation of crystals in the joints, which sometimes causes gout attacks. An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood is the main cause of gout attacks. Measuring uric acid levels a few weeks after a gout attack enables your doctor to check what is causing the gout attacks, and to suggest an appropriate treatment.

Are there any other treatments to be taken at the same time as my hypouricemia treatment?

Treatment with hypouricemics reduces uric acid levels and gradually reduces urate stocks. At the start of treatment, they lead to a rapid reduction in uric acid levels and the disintegration of crystals from deposits known as tophus. This passage of free crystals into the joint can lead to a new gout attack. This does not mean that the treatment has failed, quite the contrary. This is why the doctor generally prescribes a preventive anti-inflammatory treatment at the same time, "anti-crisis", for the first few months. It is important not to stop taking the hypouricemia treatment if an attack occurs.

How do you recognise gout?

The first symptom of gout is often a very painful inflammation of a joint at night. In 5 to 7 out of 10 people, this is the big toe. The ankle, knee and other joints in the foot area are also frequently affected. Inflammation is less common in the joints of the upper part of the body.

Exposure to cold, physical stress, alcohol or food containing a lot of "purines" (such as offal, game, etc.) can trigger a gout attack.

Gout is sometimes accompanied by a slight fever. The inflamed joint is red, swollen and hot. As a rule, the slightest touch in this area is almost unbearable. In people who have suffered from gout for some time, the accumulation of uric acid crystals forms bumps under the skin (tophi).

Gout is not caused by a bacterial infection. If the inflamed joint is close to a wound, a doctor should be consulted as soon as possible. Bacteria can enter the body through the wound and affect the joint!

What can your doctor do about gout?

To calm the inflammation, your doctor will prescribe anti-inflammatories. If possible, a cortisone-based preparation is injected into the joint. In the case of frequent gout attacks, there are drugs that can reduce and eventually stop the attacks - these are known as disease-modifying treatments. In the case of a gout attack, other medications are prescribed only in the case of background treatment.

What are the symptoms of gout?

痛风的发作非常突然,而且非常疼痛。受影响的关节肿胀和发红。随着时间的推移和没有适当的治疗,血液中持续存在的高尿酸水平导致在关节和皮下形成无痛的肿块,称为tophus。

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